Ethics is universal while morality may not be :
Ethics is known as moral philosophy which addresses questions of morality. The word "ethics" is "commonly used interchangeably with 'morality,' and sometimes it is used more narrowly to mean the moral principles of a particular tradition, group, or individual. certain types of ethical theories distinguish between ethics and morals. Although the morality of people and their ethics amounts to the same thing, there is a usage that restricts morality to systems such as that of on notions such as duty, obligation, and principles of conduct, reserving ethics for the practical reasoning, based on the notion of a virtue, and generally avoiding the separation of 'moral' considerations from other practical considerations.
Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are distinguished as proper and those
that are improper. Morality can be a body of standards or principles
derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy, religion, or culture, or it can derive from a standard that a
person believes should be universal. Morality may also be specifically synonymous with "goodness" or "rightness"
Linguist and political theorist Noam Chomsky states:
if we adopt the principle of universality: if an action is right (or
wrong) for others, it is right (or wrong) for us. Those who do not rise to the
minimal moral level of applying to themselves the standards they apply to
others—more stringent ones, in fact—plainly cannot be taken seriously when they
speak of appropriateness of response; or of right and wrong, good and
evil.
R. W Hepburn, To move towards the objectivist pole is to argue that moral judgement s can be rationally defensible, true or false, that there are rational procedural
tests for identifying morally impermissible actions, or that moral values exist
independently of the feeling-states of individuals at particular times.
Moral universal-ism is the meta ethical position that some system of ethics, or
a universal ethic, applies universally, that is, for "all
similarly situated individuals", regardless of culture, race, sex, religion nationally, sexual orientation, or any other distinguishing
feature. Moral universal-ism is opposed to moral nihilism and moral relativism. However, not all forms of
moral universal-ism are absolutist, nor are they necessarily value monist; many forms of universal-ism,
such as utilitarianism are non-absolutist, and
some forms,may be value pluralist.
Every tax is to the person who pays it a badge, not of slavery, but of liberty :
(Adam Smith)
Taxation comes with government. people "must agree" to give up a little of their properity in order to maintain governments. what government do, even aside from protecting property, is important enough to justify taxation, and one ought generally to trust that the taxes get raised for these important purposes. One who objects to taxation really government itself. All governments must and do impose taxes on their subjects, and subjects are and should be willing to go along with such taxes in much the same way, and to much same degree, that they are willing to go along with the existence of government.
Indeed,Smith believes that people are generally proud to pay taxes. The fact that the government taxes them is a mark of their citizenship, a sign that they are free. "Every tax is to the person who pays it a badge, not of slavery,but of liberity". It denotes that he is subject to government, indeed, but that, as he has some property, he cannot himself be the property of master . Government expand everyone's liberty,protecting each of us against other people's love of domination, and the fact that we pay taxes to support the governments but a sign and a consequence of the freedom we thereby receive. as we saw above, Smith proclaims that people have a duty to pay for government, and that the more revenue they "enjoy under the protection of state," the more they ought to contribute to the state's unkeep.
"So Smith does not see in taxation any presumptive challenge to our right of property. He does worry about injustice in the way taxes are imposed."
As free people, we recognize that the size of and the right
to our (derived) property is the product of our shared activities. Even when we
enjoy perfect liberty that is we can switch occupations freely, we are subject to government. So none of us can
claim an inviolable, absolute right to all of it. One can see in this, a reflective endorsement from the perspective of
having an equal authority to make claims and demands on one another at all.
